[1] Mohammed Iyad Muqaily, "Dangers of desertification and desertification and their associated phenomena", Dar Al-Shomou 'and Al-Thaqafa, Tripoli (2003) , (in Arabic).
[2] Abdul Makhmour Najm Rihani, " The phenomenon of desertification in Iraq and its effects on the exploitation of natural resources", doctoral thesis (unpublished), University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of Geography, (1986) , (in Arabic).
[3] Mahmoud Hamada Saleh Al-Jubouri," The phenomenon of desertification and its impact on agricultural land in the province of Salah al-Din", doctoral thesis (unpublished), University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of Geography, (2000) , (in Arabic).
[4] Qusay Abdul Majeed Samurai, Abdul Makhmour Najm Rihani, "Geography of the Drylands", University of Baghdad, (1990) , (in Arabic).
[5] Sabri Al-Bayati, Ahlam Ahmad Al-Douri, "Drought in Iraq - Analyzes Using Poisson Composite Operations", Journal of Geographical Research, 17)4(, (2002) , (in Arabic).
[6] Shamkhi, Ibrahim's wedding, "The Environmental Effects of the Drought Phenomenon in Babel Governorate and the Proposed Powers to Reduce It", Journal of the College of Basic Education for Educational and Psychological Sciences, 2)38(, (2018), (in Arabic).
[7] Nazir Sabbar Al-Muhammadi, Haitham Hilal Al-Dulaimi, "The Dry Climate and its Impact on Service Activity in the Health and Electrical Sectors in Anbar Governorate: An Applied Climate Study" Anbar University Journal for Humanities, 3)1(, (2014), (in Arabic).
[8] Johnm. Kimbl and othrs, "Globl climat change and ped ogenic carbi notes", lewis publishers, U.S.A, (2000).
[9] Ali Hussein Shalash, "Geography of climatic regions", University of Baghdad Press, (1978) , (in Arabic).
.
[10] Nawbahar .F, Haveen .M, Hekmat. M, "Aridity index based on temperature and rainfall data for Kurdistan region-Iraq ", journal of university of Duhok . 21(1), (Pure and Eng. Sciences), (2018).
[11] Qarah Falah Riyad, "The direction of the change of the corneal drought of Dimarton and its relationship to changing temperature and the amount of rain in Lattakia station during the period (1968-2008)", Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies, 34(5), (2012), (in Arabic).
[12] Getano .P,Tommaso .C,IIaria.G,"The De Martonne aridity index in Calabari (Southern Italy)", Journal of Maps ,15(2), (2019) .
[13] General Authority for Iraqi Atmospheric Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring, Temperature, Rain, for the period (1970 - 2010), Department of Climate, (in Arabic).
[14] Iraqi Meteorological Authority and Seismic Monitoring, Iraq Climate Atlas (1961-1990), Baghdad (1994) , (in Arabic).