Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies

The research work was investigated to determine some primary metabolic products (proteins and carbohydrates) and secondary (phenols) to decrease the effects of some heavy metals (iron, lead, copper and zinc) bioconcentration factor (BCF) in uptake of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphors (TP) and total potassium (TK) in shoots of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Red River Gum) and Nerium oleander (Oleander) cultivated in Kirkuk city roads. Plants and soil samples were collected from eight localities seasonally from March 2018 to February 2019. Lead, iron and copper accumulated in N. oleander shoots(average concentrations lead 0.35 ppm, iron 0.802 ppm and copper 0.12ppm) respectively more than E. camaldulensis shoots (average concentrations lead 0.3 ppm, iron 0.646 ppm and copper 0.091 ppm), while zinc accumulated rate in E. camaldulensis shoots 0.226ppm respectively equal  N. oleander shoots 0.221ppm. The uptake of TP negatively affected in E. camaldulensis and N. oleander samples but TN and TK did not because its recorded average values in plants samples (TN in E. camaldulensis 1.599 ppm and N. oleander 1.82 ppm; TK in E. camaldulensis 63.468 ppm and N. oleander 62.787 ppm) higher than recorded in soil samples (TN 0.577 ppm and TK 47.16 ppm). N. oleander sampleswere more efficiency by accumulate higher rate of heavy metals without effects in nutrients uptake compare to E. camaldulensis samples were removed bio concentrated  heavy metals and nutrients. The total proteins rate and phenols compounds recognized in  E. camaldulensis samples (Chlorogenic acid, Catechin, P-coumaric acid, Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid, Genistic acid, Kaempferol and Quercetin)  and in N. oleander samples (Chlorogenic acid, Catechin, P-coumaric acid, Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid, Genistic acid, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Rutin, Ferulic acid and Epigallocatchein) escape active defensive lines for plants samples to uptake nutrients without negative affected by concentrated heavy metals. 

The study was conducted in the laboratories of College of Education for women/University of Tikrit and Environmental Laboratory in Science College/University of Kirkuk, for the period from July 2018 until end of December 2018, during which 773 fish were collected, including 358 fish from fishes of education ponds (Cyprinus carpio and Barbus lutens) and 415 from Lower Zab River fish (Barbus sharpeyi, Barbus xanthopterus, Silurus glanis).
The results recorded the infection of fish with three types of external primary parasites: Trichodina elegini in B. xanthopterus and breeding pond fish (C. carpio and donkeys), Chilodonella cyprinid by 7.9% in C. carpio fish from ponds and B. xanthopterus fish by 7.5% and 5.4% in B. sharpeyi  fish, and there was no infection in S. glanis and B. lutens fish , Einaria sinensis, 14.8% in S. glanis fish, 9.589% in C. carpio fish from ponds, 8.17% in B. xanthopterus and 6.081% in B. sharpeyi fish.
Changes were recorded in some of physical and chemical properties of water samples, as fluctuations in the average temperature of water were recorded between 26.7-11.5 ° C in river stations and 28-19 ° C in ponds stations, and the discretion values ​​showed site rates ranging from 28.9-21.6 NTU to water in river stations and 24. 6-20 NTU in ponds stations, a rate of electrical conductivity was recorded565-369micemens /cm for water in river stations and 690-408 micrometers / cm in ponds stations, pH values ​​ranged between 8.3-7.2 in river sites and 8.4-7 in ponds, and scored Variations in oxygen biomarker values ​​between 4.4-0.6 mg / l in river stations and 5.2-1.9 in ponds .

The results indicated that (5) isolates only of yeasts of them have proved their ability for IAA production with different concentrations. Best yeast isolates where chosen for IAA production the yeast; K. ohmeri –AR1and Rh.mucilaginosa –AR the best isolates to produced 109 and 107 g/ml for each of them respectively, when grown on YPG media at 28℃ for 5 days. Spectrophotometer were used for this purpose. The highest production of IAA were noticed when incubated for 7 days and reached 222.2 and 217.6 g/ml respectively. Results also declared that glucose was the best carbon source the production of IAA for K.ohmeri –AR1and manitol for Rh.mucilaginosa –AR and reached 119.4 and 58.3 g/ml respectively. While trypton was the better source of nitrogen and gave 149.0 g/ml for K.ohmeri –AR1and pepton for Rh.mucilaginosa –AR with 68.4 g/ml. Result also showed that pH level played an important role on the production of IAA where the high output was discovered at pH 6 for the growth of K.ohmeri –AR1gave 267.9 and pH 7 produced 246.5 g/ml for Rh.mucilaginosa-AR . The highest concentration of IAA production was noticed when tryptophan was used at 0.3% for growing of Rh.mucilaginosa –AR and 0.4% for K.ohmeri –AR1 where hormone production was about 191.3 and 202.8 g/ml for each of them respectively. The estimation of IAA was also done by HPLC which gave 96 g/ml of IAA for K.ohmeri –AR1and 44 g/ml for Rh.mucilaginosa-AR . Rh.mucilaginosa-AR .

Hypericum triquetrifolium is an herbaceous perennial plant, numerous of the bioactive compound are present in it that is responsible for several biological functions. Aim of this research the protective effect of aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium on some biochemical parameters and histopathological study in hyperlipidemic male rats. Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into six groups, control group (fed with standard pellet), hyperlipidemia group , three ,four and five groups hyperlipidemic rats treated with aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium in different dosage (1000,2000,3000) mg/kg body weight, respectively, and last group hyperlipidemic rats treated with rosuvastatin drug 10 mg/kg for 60 days . The results showed that the body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and hepatic enzymes increased significantly (p˂0.05) in hyperlipidemia group when compared with control group, but Hypericum triquetrifolium have ability to reduction the level of body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, as well as the low dose of H. triquetrifolium nonsignificantly (p>0.05), prevent to increase liver enzymes, conversely the level of liver enzymes in rosuvastatin group treatment increased when compared with other treated and untreated groups. Noticeable damage of histology in testis showed degeneration in the germinal layer and fat change in liver of hyperlipidemia and rosuvastatin group, the low dose of H. triquetrifolium has beneficial effect on sperm parameters and histology of testis and liver. The quantity of aqueous extract of Hypericum triquetrifolium and antioxidant power of this plant have an essential role in their activity. Hypericum triquetrifolium .

The study was carried out in Agricultural Research station of College of Agriculture/ Tikrit University at 17/11/2016, the population of second filial were planted for half diallel crosses by 45 crosses with its ten parents: (PO6-OO1FB/FL, PO6-OO2FB/FL, PO6-OO3FB/FL, PO6-OO5FB/FL, PO6-OO9FB/FL, PO6-OO11FB/FL, PO6-OO13FB/FL, PO6-OO14FB/FL, Syrian Local large and Aguadolce) of Faba Bean crop (Vicia faba L.) by using Randomise Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) by three replicates, the evaluation of the genotypes was showed surpassing of the parent (2) for five traits: (number of the days for 50% flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of the seeds in the pod and single plant yield) the parent (5) was surpassed in two traits: (number of the branches, and biological yield) the parent (8) in two traits: (seed yield and harvest index), the parent (9) was surpassed in yield efficiency and the parent (7) in the number of the pod and the parent (3) in seed weight trait the crosses (1×5), (1×6), (1×10), (2×9), (3×5), (5×9), (6×7), (7×9), (3×10) and (8×10) in the traits: (number of the days for 50% flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of the branches, number of the pods, number of the seeds in the pod, weight of the seed, single plant yield, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and yield efficiency). The combining ability effect results the parent (2) had significant effect for general combining ability to desired direction, and the excessing for all the traits except the traits: (number of the pods, weight of seeds, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and yield efficiency) also the parent (8) gave significant effect for general combining ability to desired direction for the traits: (number of the days for 50% flowering, weight of seed, yield of the seeds, biological yield and harvest index) the parent (9) for the traits: (number of the branches, number of the seeds in the pod, weight of the seed, single plant yield and yield efficiency) therefor it may useful to use these parents and entered them in the crosses program in the future The more crosses which surpassed in the effects of specific combining ability were: (2×7) and (4×6) for nine traits, (5×9) for eight traits, (5×6), (8×9) and (8×10) for seven traits, (1×10), (1×3) and (5×10) for six traits, (1×2), (1×8), (2×9), (3×6), (3×7), (3×8), (4×7) and (9×10) for five traits, (1×4), (1×5), (1×7), (3×4). (3×10), (4×10), (5×8), (6×7) and (6×8) for four traits and nine crosses for three traits. The best parents which transport its performance in the traits for its generations regularly were: the parent (1) for the days to 50% flowering, the parent (2) for plant height, leaf area, biological yield and single plant yield, the parent (3) and (5) for number of the pods, the parent (6) for harvest index, the parent (9) for number of the branches, number of the seeds and yield efficiency, the parent(8) for seed weight and seed yield, so it can use these parents and its crosses for the aim of transporting the genes and selection for desired traits..

Suspension of two yeast types one of them isolated from soil and the other from yellow apple, Kodamaea ohmeri –AR1and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa –AR were used to determine their ability to enhance the growth of seelding wheat plant and improve it's growth characters. Results showed that plants inoculated with each type of the yeasts and planted on water agar medium caused significant root elongation with 9.1 and 8.6 cm respectively as compared to non-inoculated plants which was 6.6 cm. Seeds treated with yeast suspension and planted on peatmoss encouraged plant growth and improve growth characters of the plant and gave seedling hight and radical length equall to 22.7, 22.1 cm and 14.0, 12.9 cm as compared to un inoculated control plants with 19.0 and 8.2 cm respectively. Also increased the dry weight of shoot and root system by 0.030, 0.028, 0.035, 0.032 g/ plant-1 comparing with the un inoculated controls by 0.020 and 0.023 g / plant-1 for each of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa -AR and Kodamaea ohmeri –AR1respectively. Moreover increased the number of lateral roots and leaf area signitfcautly by 6.3, 6.1 and 6.3, 6.0 cm2 whereas for control plants it reached 4.6 and 4.8 cm2 respectively. Inoculated wheat seeldings with each of two type yeast suspension enhanced all test growth parameters high seeldings، length root، soft weight of vegetable total، soft weight of root total, dry weight of vegetable total, dry weight of root total, number of lateral root, paper area as well as chlorophyll content of the plants as compared with controls. ).

The study was carried out in Agricultural college Research station /University of Tikrit at 18/10/2017 used 4 genotypes (PO6-OO1FB/FL, PO6-OO5FB/FL, PO6-OO9FB/FL, PO6-OO14FB/FL) and its crosses from second filial of faba Bean the genotypes were recorded as number(1,4,5 and8) respecitivly and for its crosses from second fillial (1×4), (1×8), (4×8) and (5×8) which proved from pervious study the decrease in parents content and its crosses in first fillial from Tainine percentage, which planted in rows at the flowering back cross hybridization was done for every cross and with its parents for regarding as female parents with the second fillial crosses were obtained and planted the data had measured the results of crossing (1×4), (1×8), (4×8) and (5×8) with its parents gave highly significant differences the ratio of genetic variances gave high from environment variance which was the traits controlled by additive gene action more than dominance action beside that the Heritability ratios of broad sense were high in most traits. And the Heritability by narrow sense was high for the cross (1×8) in the traits: plant height, leaf area, number of the branches, weight of the seed and the Heritability by narrow sense for the traits: number of the days for 50% flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of the branches, weight of the seed, single yield and yield efficiency, while the cross (4×8) gave high values for the traits: number of the days for 50% flowering, number of the branches, number of the pod seed, weight of the seed and yield efficiency the cross(1×4) was high in the Heritability by narrow sense for the traits:, number of the pods, number of pod seeds, seed yield and yield efficiency, while the four crosses gave higher ratios in number of the branches, number of the seeds in the pod and yield index, where as it were moderate for other traits..

Contraceptive is a device which prevents women from becoming pregnant; it is a reversible method in preventing pregnancy. To show the type of contraceptive used by women attending family planning clinic in Kirkuk. This study was carried on 94 females attending family planning clinics in Kirkuk hospitals to determine types of contraceptives used by them. Among 94 women included in this study, the age of majority of women were ranging from 35 and above, the highest percentage had 2 parity, the commonest contraceptive used was condom followed by IUD, injection and tablets.

A total of 181 blood samples were collected from patients that suspected have been infected by septicemia from those how had burns infection or underwent surgery operation in the period of study that's extended from 1st January 2017 to 30th April 2018. Gram-positive Staphylococci constituted 28 isolates (50%) in total of 56 isolated isolates from 37 samples (20.44%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) constituted 17 isolates (60.7%) followed by coagulase-positive staphylococci which represented by Staphylococcus aureus 11(39.3%) from total of Gram-positive Staphylococci isolates, while obtained only one isolate of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupied the highest ratio 29.6% in 8 isolates from total gram-negative 27 isolates (48.2%) followed by Escherichia coli and Enterobacter.spp in 6 isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae 3 isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii in 2 isolates, while obtained only one isolate from Rautella terigena and Proteus mirabilis. This study is included also sensitivity test against sepsis bacterial pathogens by different type of antibiotics, bacterial species varied in resistance toward used antibiotics, where the all isolates are resistance against ampicillin, in the same ratio are sensitive toward tigeycycline except P. aeruginosa, while all isolates are sensitive toward Tecoplanin and linezolid in ratio 100%. 100.%

Two hundred samples of clinical samples were collected from different sources from Kirkuk General Hospital, Azadi Teaching Hospital, Children Hospital and the Specialized Center of Respiratory and Chest Diseases clinics in Kirkuk city from the period Feb., 15, 2018 to Jun., 15, 2018 from out- and in-patients after consultation with the specialist doctor and the samples were forwarded to the laboratory. The data of each of the samples were recorded in special forms and they included: 55 samples of respiratory tract infection, 25 blood samples, 30 samples of meningitis, 30 samples of urinary tract infection, 30 wound samples and 30 burn samples. The isolates were identified after being cultured on MacConkey agar, and Blood agar. The biochemical tests: Oxidase and Catalase were done for the samples and for final diagnosis API 20E system was used. After culture and diagnosis, 12 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were obtained, of which five were from sputum, three from swabs of burns, two swabs of wound and an isolate from each of bacteremia and CSF. The results of the sensitivity tests for A. baumannii isolates from different clinical sources from Kirkuk hospitals for 13 different antibiotics showed resistance of the bacterial isolates of the study at different rates. All the samples (100%) showed resistance to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ceftazidim, Cefotaxime, Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprime, while 83.33% showed resistance to Amikacin, Lefofloxacin, Trimethoprime-Sulphamethoxazole and Piperacillin, and 58.33% to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and Gentamycin and 50 % to Imipenem . (50)%.

The study was conducted during the 2017-2018 growing season to evaluate the responses of genotypic of (Vica faba L.) to the potassium sulfate fertilizer, Spanish (LueDeotono) and Turkish (Yildiz) with five levels from potassium were (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-3). Treatments were laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication , The results of this study revealed that Turkish genotypes showed significant effects in the traits plants hight, flowers number, and yield weight, in the other hand the genotype Spanish gave a high number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight. Application of potassium fertilizer showed significant effect gave a higher value in plant height, the number of leaves, flower number and chlorophyll content, fresh at dry weight for the stem. The interaction between the genotypic and potassium gave a higher chlorophyll, leaves number per plant, fresh at dry weight and yield weight..

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk city from 15th of June 2018 to 15th of December 2018 to detect of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in sera of women with breast cancer by real-time PCR and comparing the results with IgG and IgM toward T. gondii. The number of breast cancer women understudy were 35. The ages of the patients were between 20-75 years old. These patients admitted to Kirkuk oncology center. The control group were included 50 healthy individuals. blood was collected from each patients and control for molecular tests of T. gondii using real-time PCR and serological testing for detection specific Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG by using ELISA technique. The study showed that the highest rate of anti T. gondii IgM+ IgG- antibodies 8.57% was recorded among women with breast cancer comparing with 8% in healthy control while 14.29% of women with breast cancer were IgM+IgG+ comparing 6% of the healthy control group. The highest rate of total T. gondii antibodies by ELISA 68.57% was noted among women with breast cancer and the lowest rate was among healthy control 20%. The study revealed that 54.17% of women with breast cancer with positive ELISA was positive by PCR comparing with 9.09% of patients with negative ELISA results. The result was highly significant with sensitivity and specificity of 54.17% and 90.09% respectively. The highest rate of anti T. gondii IgM+ IgG- antibodies 66.67% women with breast cancer was positive by PCR followed by 40% of patients with IgM+ IgG+ antibodies. It was concluded that Toxoplasma gondii more frequently associated with breast cancer and PCR was more accurate in detection of the parasite.

A total of 69 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from different clinical samples including wounds 24 (35%) and burns45 (65%)، the genes that responsible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance isolates was detected, the results showed that quaternary ammonium compound delta 1 (qacE∆1) gene was 97.1% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation. 24 (35%) in the wounds and 43 (62.31%) in burns, the size of the gene showed 285 bp, the results of the qacE∆1 analysis showed a single mutation of the mutation type.
The results of genetic analysis tree were showed after comparing presence of genetic variations of the qacE∆1 gene with their relatives from the nucleotide sequences as containing variations occurring at one distance and equally in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial species.
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A cross sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk city from 15th of June 2018 to 15th of December 2018. The study included 100 pregnant women and 50 healthy individuals. Their ages ranged between 17-45 years old who were admitted to Kirkuk general hospital.. Molecular tests for real-time PCR and serological testing for detection specific Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG and Interleukin-8 level by using ELISA technique was done for patients and control. The study showed that the highest rate of anti T. gondii IgM+ IgG- antibodies (10%) was recorded among pregnant women compared with 8% in the control group, while 22% of pregnant women were IgM+IgG+ compared 6.5% of the healthy control group. The study revealed that 40.91% of pregnant women with positive ELISA was positive by PCR compared with 0% of patients with negative ELISA results. The study showed that the highest rate of T. gondii infection (diagnosed by PCR) were recorded among pregnant women at age group 27-36 year (22.55%) and the lowest rate was within the age group 17-26 year. The highest mean level of IL-8 recorded PCR +ve groups, in pregnant women (79.2 ±53.2 ng/ml) compared with PCR –ve groups. There was a highly significant differences of IL-8 between pregnant women and the control group. The study showed that the highest mean level of IL-8 (77.61±60.4 ng/ml), in pregnant at 2nd trimester of pregnancy, followed by 3rd trimester. This study was concluded that a highly elevation of IL-8 level was correlated Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and real time PCR is golden method in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis..

This study aimed to estimate the level of leptin hormone and some biochemical variables in patients with lung cancer. Twenty five patients with lung cancer and 24 healthy control were enrolled in this study. The results showed a significant decrease in the level of leptin in patients with lung cancer compared to healthy control. In group of patients with lung cancer who had BMI ( 20 – 23 kg/m2 ), ( 24–26 kg/m2 ), ( more than 30 kg/m2 ) the levels of leptin were (1.42 ± 0.54), (4.35 ± 2.19), (8.75 ± 1.2) ng/ml respectively, comparing with the healthy control (4.89 ± 1.29), (6.85 ± 1.49), (9.85 ± 2.62) ng/ml respectively. The results also showed that there was a significant increase in activity of ALT in patients group (30.8 ± 16.4) U/L compared to healthy control (22.8 ± 6.55), while there was no statistically significant differences in the activity of AST in patients group (25.4 ± 8.9) U/L compared to healthy control (27 ± 9.2). There were no statistically significant correlation between leptin level with ALT ( r = -0.104 ) and AST ( r = 0.092 ). AST ( r = 0.092).

The study included, the collection of (250) swabs which involve (180) samples from general children's Hospital environment and various isolation sources, In addition to (70) smear from the hands and noses of medical staffs and workers, Using sterile cotton swabs and then planted on the Cultuer media (MacConkey's agar and Blood agar). The results showed that (126) smears and in a ratio of (50.4%) was positive for the bacterial isolations which contribute the followings:- Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli , Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with variant isolation ratios. It high rate of contamination (73.33%), was from Hospitals environment compared to (71%) of contamination from the hands of medical staffs. Resistany agaings antibiotic was praceddon (12) antibiotics and the results showed that most of the isolates are resistant For anti-beta-lactam groups the rate was (81.74%), the followings antibiotics vancomycin, imipenem, amikacin reveal high efficucy against the isolated Staph.aureus ,Staph.epidermidis ,Esch.col, Prot.mirabilis , pathogens Ps.aeruginosa with reduction resistany reach to (23.80), (24.60), (36.50) respectively. The Minmam inhibitory concentration was detected using virkon, Opizil, Strillium, and bleach, ethyl alcohol, Optisal ® N was found to passing a better inhibition effect on the elected isolates, followed by an Virkon, compared with the disinfectant of sodium hyper chlorate (minor), The following value MIC walues were obtained (0.25-0.0625, 0.5-0.078, 1.25-0.156%) moreover, the antiseptics used for cleaning the hands showed that, a streillium antiseptics is wosh high bacterial inhibition impact than the ethyl alcohol, as the lower inhibitory values of the streillium antiseptics ranged from (80-50%) while the ethyl alcohol disinfectant was the least efficient as it reached its inhibitory values minimum (80-60). 80-60%)).

The current study aimed at knowing the biological efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract anti-oxidation and induced hyperlipidemic using Triton WR1339 and comparing its efficacy with the simvastatin drug. Study at the Animal House in the Department of biology-Faculty of Science of Kirkuk University for the period from 1/5/2017 to 25/5/2017 used 20 rat male Sprague Dawley type. Distributed to 4 groups of 5 rats per group. The control group was treated with a single dose of the normal salin solution, the second group was treated with a single dose within the Intraperatonal (iP) a dose of 300 mg/kg of body weight. The third group was treated with Triton and was dosed with the alcoholic extract of G. Lucidum with a dose of 30 mg/kg bw/day of body weight by Gavage. The fourth group was treated with Triton and dosed with the simvastatin drug at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight. The animals were drugged and the blood was pulled after a period of six days (trial period) showed the results of the biochemical tests that the treatment of rats with Triton material increased morally (p≤0.05) at the total cholesterol level TC, Triglyceride TG, low-density lipoprotein For cholesterol LDL-c, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL-c, the Athero index and lipid level of the Malondialdhyde MDA. Coupled with the low-density lipoprotein of cholesterol HDL-c, the total capacity of the antioxidant TAC, glutathione GSH and the catalase enzyme CAT compared to a group of control. While the animal dosage of the treatment with Triton and the alcoholic extract of the fungus G.lucidum positive improvement in all the variables mentioned above. The results of this study showed that the fungus extract superior the simvastatin drug at the level of HDL-c as well as at the level of antioxidant balance Oxidation by increasing the level of GSH, TAC and CAT enzyme and reducing MDA fat peroxide. Fungus can be adopted as an effective antioxidant and antihypertensive agent .

In an effort to highlight the role of digestion and maceration methods to determine the strength of antibacterial effect and phytochemical elements of coriander seeds aqueous and methanolic extracts. Five concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/ml) of four extracts (aqueous by maceration, aqueous by digestion, methanolic by maceration and methanolic by digestion) were utilized against five clinically isolated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Acenitobacter baumani), and compared with ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime discs as control. Agar well diffusion technique was employed to clarify the antibacterial activity of the extracts' concentrations relaying on quantifying the diameter of inhibition zone (IZ) in millimeter. The bioactive chemical compounds of four extracts were specified by means of conventional systems. In the main, all extracts inhibited the growth of every bacterial species starting from (80) mg/ml concentration, forming IZs' with various measurements that their expansion was drawing upon the rising of extracts' concentrations. The IZs that proceeded from (160, 320) mg/ml concentrations were larger than that come out from cefotaxime. The maceration extracts declared their embracement of alkaloids, and their impact were vigorous compared with the extracts of digestion which marked by comprising the tannins and flavonoids in aqueous and methanolic extracts one by one. The most susceptible bacterium to ethanolic extracts was S. aureus. It could be benefiting from coriander seeds for treatment of bacterial infections through extraction the best active phytoconstituents by using both of suitable extraction technique and solvents together. .

The study included (120) pregnancies during the months and the trimesters of pregnancy: first trimester, second trimester and third trimester conducted in Aljmhwry Republican hospital and Al- salaam Health center / Kirkuk with (20) (non-pregnant) women whom served as control, and (20) as postpartum 1n the age (18-40) years. the study was carried out from 1/3/2016 –5/3/2017.
The aim of this study to evaluate the serum levels of lipid profile (TC,TG,HDL and LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker and superoxide dismutase as an antioxidant enzyme during pregnancy period and post-partum. The results showed a significant differentes in lipid profile and a significant increase in MDA during the months and the trimesters of pregnancy, while there was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during pregnancy and in postpartum in comparison with those of control group.
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The study aimed at detection of HCV load and genotypes in acute and chronic HCV patients. A cross sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk city from 15th of March 2017 to 15th of November 2017. The number of hepatitis patient understudy were 62 hepatitis C (27 acute and 35 chronic) whose ages were between 20-75 years old. These patients admitted to Hepatology and Gastroenterology centers of Kirkuk. The control group who were matched to the patients studied, included 30 individuals who admitted to blood bank for blood donation.
The study showed that no statistical differences between acute and chronic HCV concerning their viral load and the highest viral load mean was found in acute HCV patients (1162.6 v.s 1234.3) IU/ml. In the current study, the high rates of chronic and acute HCV patients were infected by genotype 4 of HCV (68.69% and 63.63% respectively) and the lowest rate were genotype 1a. The study showed that there was a highly significant difference between viral loads of acute and chronic HCV patients as regarding genotype 1a (1298.7 v.s. 1155.4 IU/ml), ( P: 0.001), the study showed a significant difference between viral loads of acute and chronic HCV patients concerning genotype 4 and a significant relation of viral loads of acute HCV infection with genotype 1a and genotype 4. It was concluded that the was no difference HCV load in acute and chronic infection and genotype 4 as the most frequent HCV genotype in Kirkuk

Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which is an intracellular protozoan parasite. Its main host is the cat. It is one of the most common human parasites. The main objective of this study is to determine the time of T. gondii infection among pregnant women by using avidity test of Toxoplasma IgG to various Toxoplasma antigens. The study period was from August 2017 to February 2018 to study the time of toxoplasmosis among 180 pregnant women and 100 non pregnant married women as control attending to hospitals, primary health care centers and some private medical laboratories. The pregnant women were examined for Toxo-IgG seroprevalence by using ELISA technique, and then examined their avidity of antibodies for specific Toxoplasma antigens by using line immune assay. The rates of Toxo-IgG seropositive were64 (35.56 %) among pregnant women. Regarding the reactivity of determined Toxo-IgG against various Toxoplasma antigens, the rates were 40(62.50%), 39 (60.93%), 63(98.43%) ,55(85.93%) ,63(98.43%), 62(96.87%) ,41(64.04%) and 42(65.62) positive for Toxoplasma ROP1C, MIC3, GRA7, GRA8, p30, MAG1,GRA1,rSAG1 antigens, respectively. Considering the avidity of Toxo-IgG for these antigens, the rates of high avidity were higher than low and intermediate avidity. So, the highest rate of high avidity was 85.0% for ROP1c antigen. It is concluded that the highest rate of predicting Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women was for a period of more than 6 months, which makes it less dangerous for maternal and fetal health..

In this study 125 patients with breast tumors (61 patients with benign breast tumors, 64 patients with malignant breast tumors) with age range between (20-75) years collected from Center of Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Azady Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City from November 2016 to end of May 2018 and matched with 50 healthy women as control group. Serum RNAse activity and total protein (albumin, globulin) concentration were estimated in all patients (benign and malignant) and compared to control group.
The present observational study has shown a significant elevation in serum RNAase activity in cases of breast carcinoma and benign breast lesions as compared to control, which can use RNAse as tumor marker for breast tumor.
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The study aims at evaluating the relation of Candida spp. with diarrhea in children. A cross sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk city from 15th of January 2017 to 15th of June 2017. The number of patients under study were 120 children between 1 day to 12 years old. These patients admitted to Pediatric Hospital of Kirkuk. The control group who were matched to the patients studied, included 60 apparently healthy children and their ages were between 1 day to 12 years old.
The study showed that the highest rate of Candida spp. was found in children with diarrhea comparing with the control (93.33% vs. 11.6%) with highly significant relation. In view of mixed infection of Candida spp., Table 2 shows that the highest rate of Candida spp. was C. albicans (26.57%) followed by 21.43% as C. tropicalis and the lowest rate was C. kafyr (6.25%) while the mixed infection by the four types recorded 30.36%. The highest rate of mixed Candida spp. infection with found in children who were infected with C. albicans with C. tropicalis (23.53%), followed by 17.65% with C. albicans and C. kyrosi (Table 3). Table 4 shows that the highest rates of Candida spp. found in patients who belonged to the age group 1-> 6 years (49.11%) while the lowest rates of Candida spp. infections occurred in age group 6-12 years. Candida spp. infection occurred more frequently in patients from rural areas than those from urban areas. It was concluded that Candida spp. was a highly related with diarrhea in children and Candida albicans was the most isolated species.
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The effect of the Allelopathy on the succession of some plants in the soils previously planted with sunflower, Alfalfa, Okra, pumpkin, cowpea, and tomato plants was studied in germination of the seeds and growth of the above mentioned plants. The results of this study showed that the Allelopathy had an effect on the subsequent crops, which caused a significant reduction in the percentage of germination of plant seeds. The highest percentage of germination in the seeds of the sunflower (97.44%) was planted after the pumpkin and tomato plants. The effect of the Allelopathy in the growth of seedlings (length of the Plumule and the Radiant and their dry weight) varied in their effect on the subsequent crop between inhibition and stimulation. The cultivated soil was more stimulating in the length of the Plumule (12.93 cm) And the least stimulating soil Tomato (2.80 cm) in the germination of the seeds of the sunflower, as for the length of the root, the soil of the Okra was more stimulating in the germination of cowpea seeds (26.69 cm) and the least inhibition of gourd soil was (2.63 cm) in the germination of the seeds of the tomato..

The current study was carried out in order to detect the effect of sodium azide on Urease production and biofilm formation in P.mirabilis. Twenty one isolates of Proteus were collected from different clinical and animals samples for the period from 15th October 2017 to 1st November 2017 and identification depending on microscopic characterization, biochemical tests and conformed by Vitec-2 compact system, its turns out that only 18 isolates belong to the specie P.mirabilis.All P.mirabilis isolates 100% were have the ability to produce urease enzyme.
All P.mirabilis 100% un able to form biofilm on Congo red agar while 100% were strongly able to form biofilm on microtiter plate. The addition of Sodium azide shown an inhibition ratio in biofilm formation depending on the concentration and source of isolate also shows inhibition ability in urease enzyme production in both swimmer cells and swarmer cells of P.mirabilis depending on the source of isolate and concentration.
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This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of albumin, malonaialdehyde (MDA) as an end product of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as an antioxidant enzyme, in pregnancy and postpartum women. The study included (120) pregnancies during months of pregnancy conducted in Al-jmhwry and Al-salam helth center /Kirkuk with (20) non-pregnants women whom served control and (20) as postpartum in the age (18-40) years. The study was carried out from 3/2016 to 3/2017. The results indicated for a signifcant increase. In albumin serum levels during the months of pregnancy and decreas in activity of superoxid dismutase enzyme in the last three months of pregnancy, while there was a significant increas in serum levels of (MDA) in contrast with control).

This study was aimed to obtain the alcoholic extract of cardaria draba (L.) Des .plant of ethanol %70,%96 in both dry and fresh parts respectively. The weight of the extract of the c.draba plant was 55.70,8.71 for dry part and fresh part respectively. Determine preliminary the chemical group included in the extract by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) techniques. Four types of plate and four types of solutions were used, the results showed that the fourth type of plate was better for separation and the fourth type of solutions was better. A result of the separation were detected (10 14) compound in both the dry and fresh parts respectively. The relative flow rate (RF) was measured by ultra violet radiation on the wave length (365) nm. Different RF rate values and different color spectra were obtained for the dry and fresh extract respectively. Esculetin as a coumarine compound has been determined according to standard substances.
The determination of half fatal dose LD50 (lethal dose) by oral administration of the Extract for the mice, and the results of experiments observed very low percent of death (3.33%) by using the (1750-1000) mg/ml and (6.66%) in (2000) mg/ml dose respectively.
2000 mg/kg.

Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans and is most typically asymptomatic. However infection in a pregnant woman can cause severe and disabling disease in the developing fetus. The presented study aimed to determination the correlation of Toxo-IgA  seroprevalence among pregnant women to various Toxoplasma antigens with the serum IL-4 level. From the June 2017 to January  2018, 300 pregnant women enrolled in this study attended to hospitals, primary health care centers and some private medical laboratories in Kirkuk. The pregnant women were examined for Toxo-IgA and determine their specificity for various Toxoplasma antigens by using line immune assay and the serum IL-4 evaluated by using ELISA technique. The rates of  Toxo-IgA seropositive were 22 (7.33 %). Considering the reactivity of determined Toxo-IgA against various Toxoplasma antigens; the rates were 12(54.54%), 13(59.09%), 11(50.00%), 14(63.63%), 17(77.27%), 13(59.09%), 11(50.00%) and 18(81.81%) seropositive for Toxoplasma ROP1C, MIC3, GRA7, GRA8, p30, MAG1, GRA1 and rSAG1 antigens respectively. Regarding to the total serum IL-4 level, the highest rate of decreased serum IL-4 level among Toxo-IgA seropositive was 59.09%.In the presented study we concluded the highest rates of decreased serum IL-4 levels was 54.55% seen within Toxo-IgA seropositive for GRA7 and GRA1 antigens , and the rates of increased serum IL-4 level ranged from 5.88% to 9.09% within all seropositive groups to various Toxoplasma antigens.

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a DNA virus of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily and Herpesviridae family. HCMV is a leading cause of congenital infections throughout the world. This study was carried out in Kirkuk governorate from July 2017 to January 2018,aimed at studying there activity of anti-HCMV IgM to various specific HCMV antigens among 180 pregnant women attending hospitals, primary health care centers and some private medical laboratories. The pregnant women were examined for HCMV-IgM seroprevalence using Electro-chemo-luminescence(ECLIA) technique then examined their reactivity for specific HCMV antigens using line immune assay. The rates of HCMV-IgM seropositive were 22 (12.22 %). Regarding the reactivity of determined HCMV-IgM against various HCMV antigens, the rates 14 (63.63%), 13(59.09%), 21(95.45%), 15(68.18%), 21(95.45%) and 16(72.72%) were seropositive for HCMV IE1, CM2, p150, p65, gB1 and gB2 antigens, respectively. Concerning the band intensity of HCMV-IgM reactions with HCMV antigens, the rates of (+++) were higher than other band intensity for all antigens with highest rate for gB1 antigen (85.71%). So, the highest rate of HCMV-IgM reaction with the number of antigens was 40.90% for three antigens at the same time. In conclusion, the highest rate of HCMV-IgM in pregnant women was for gB1and p150 antigens; while the highest rate of intensity reaction was (+++)and the highest rate of HCMV-IgM ability for reaction was for three antigens at the same time..

The current study aims to describe the normal anatomical structures of neonate lungs )weights, volumes and dimensions( as well as the architectural histology of structure In this study, 20 neonate cadavers collected with age ranging from 0-28 days, all these cadavers were collected from the Forensic Medicine in Baghdad and Kirkuk. Following dissection, the organ weight and gross metrical measurements were measured. Histological study was done on all cadavers enrolled in the study using Periodic Acid Schiff )PAS( Stain The results showed that the weight of neonatal lung was increased proportionally with age and the highest mean weight, volume and dimensions of lungs were found in neonates whose in the age group 22-28 day. The study revealed that dimensions of the left lungs were slightly more than those of right lungs especially in the age group 22-28 days. The study indicated that the volume of neonatal lungs were increased proportionally with age and the highest mean volume of lungs was found in neonates whose in the age group 22-28 days 50.03 cm3. The tunica media of the blood vessels of small and medium sized were well demonstrated of the thickness of alveolar walls also were obvious with inflammatory cell infiltration, the interstitial C.T. also associated with presence of smooth muscle cells, surrounded by segments of hyaline cartilage which are demonstrated easily, the lumen of bronchus appeared containing exudate, around the lung was containing with collagen bundle the elastic fibers. The basement membrane of the pulmonary blood vessels was demonstrated well by PAS which appeared thickened and the lumen of blood vessels was filled with blood serum and individual inflammatory cell. The interstitial C.T. around the blood vessels were containing dust cell with lymphocyte infiltration. .

Abstract
The presence of Effluxpumpsgenes (MexR, MexB, MexA) and (MexZ,MexY, MexX) was investigated in 24 antibiotic resisting isolates of Paeruginosa, isolated from open fracture infections using PCR technique. The results showed 100% presence of (MexR, MexB, MexA) and (MexZ,MexY) genes in all tested isolates while the MexX gene was present in only 7 isolates representing 29.2%.
(29.2%).

The research aims to show the histopathological changes caused by Intistinal protozoa in differ tissues in the body (liver, lung, intesitant) infection in laboratory animals (1 Week, 2 Week, 1 Month, 2 Month). Histopathological examination of liver, lung, Intesitant showed the presence of degeneration and necrotic hepatic cyts and emphysema in alveolar alveoli in the lung and mucinous degeneration in the cell epithelium cell intestinal glands, distortion of vill in intestine.

The present study was established on the slaughtered ruminants in Kirkuk central abattoir between June 1st till December, 31st 2015. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites (GIPs) of slaughtered grazing ruminants in Kirkuk province. Fresh faecal specimens (n=276) were obtained from slaughtered grazing ruminants (85 sheep, 71 goats and 120 Cattle) in Kirkuk province. The investigational processing represented as direct and concentration methods were carried out using faecal direct smear, flotation and sedimentation protocol to investigate the fecal specimens to determine eggs/oocysts/trophozoites of the parasites. The obtained data showed that overall prevalence of GIPs among slaughtered ruminants was 78.98%. Six different GIPs species were recognized in the present study, namely: Haemonchus contortus, Strongyloides papillosus, Trichuris spp. Ostertagia spp., Entodinium caudatum, and Eimeria spp. The highest prevalence of GIPs was among goats (91.55%). While, lowest infections was observed among cattle (69.17%). The highest recorded results was Eimeria spp. among adult goats (42.2%), followed by S. papillosus (28.6%) in young sheep. The lowest infection was 5.33% in adult cattle by Trichuris spp. By age groups, young and adult goats showed the most prevalence of GIPs with infection ratio of 93.33% and 88.46%, respectively. Data in the present study revealed that the GIPs prevalent rates among grazing ruminants in Kirkuk province was about 79%. Adult goats seem to be the most infected ruminants GIPs with Eimeria spp., followed by young sheep with S. papillosus. This finding may be due to using unorganized traditional management systems in which huge numbers of the animals are kept together..

This research aimed to studying the pathological effects of intestinal parasite Entanebahistolytica& Giardia lamblia on the Hemoglobin concentration and number of WBCs in the albino mice by measuring the concentration Hb and number of WBCs after oral adminstratier of the parasites and various concentrations of (1000, 10,000.100000) and periods fixed time (week, two weeks, a month, two months) It was the follow-up changes that occur in different concentrations of these parasites, this study shows increase in the number of WBCs and decrease in the Hb..

The study conducted to know the effect of dehydration on Raphanusrapnanistrumgrowth as broad leaf weed and wild barely as leaf weed addition to study the effect of Shefaleer herbicide as integrated with three dehydration periods which included 3,6 and 9 days besides control treatment and two stages of spraying herbicide. The results showed that the Shefaleer herbicide had highefficiency in Raphanusrapnaistm-n control but this herbicide didn’t show any effect on wild barely. The results also indicated that the plant exo exposures to dehydration periods caused significantly in creates of amine acid content and cytoplasmic membrane signal damage so the results also showed significantly in creases of propene amino acid content and cytoplasmic membrane signal damage so the results also showed significantly decreases in chlorophyll total content according that in treatment control..

More than 2 billion people, equal to one third of the world’s population, are infected with tuberculosis (TB) bacilli, the microbes that cause TB. One in 10 people infected with TB bacilli will become sick with active TB in their lifetime.
To assess treatment outcome and to evaluate the compliance of our patients registered for anti-TB treatment at Kirkuk Center of Tuberculosis Treatment.
A one year prospective cohort study of tuberculosis patients (n=100) registered for anti-TB treatment at Kirkuk center of tuberculosis treatment according to the World Health Organization guidelines.
Among study participants, 100 patients (100%) were sputum smear positive, the 100 study participant (100%) were tested for HIV. There was no TB-HIV co-infection .Among the 100 study participants, 90(90%) had successful treatment outcome (90 cured). The overall death, default, were 3(3%), 7 (7%) respectively. There was no treatment failure. Active pulmonary tuberculosis was predominant at age group (21-30) year, 31(31%) patients. Also there was a significant association between the residence and tuberculosis, 77 (77%) patients were living in urban area.
Treatment outcome of the patients who registered in Direct Observation Treatment, Short course therapy (DOTS) was successful.
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This study searched in the inhibiting potency of different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) of both aqueous and methanol extracts of marigold plant flower Calendula officinalis against the promastigote of Leismania major, L. donovani and L. mexicana. Both flower extracts approved inhibiting potency against the growth of promastigotes of Leishmania major with rates 51% and 62%, respectively but showed only a slight effect on L. donovani and L. mexicana. It is concluded that the aqueous and methanolic marigold extracts have selective inhibiting potency of Leishmania major.

Coriander sativum (Linn) is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family of Apiaceae. It is a well-recognized plant in the traditional medicine and used by people in treatment of gastrointestinal problems and rheumatism. In the present investigation, after phytochemical screening of the seeds of coriander results revealed the presence of four fatty acid compounds (Lauric, Palmatic, Stearic and Linoleic acids) in the Pet-ether extract, while two fatty acids (Palmatic and Stearic acids) were found in the Chloroform extract. Phenolic compounds and their fractions Quercetin and Benzoic extract were also identified in the Ethyl acetate .
Also, Quercetin was identified in the extracts of (F2) and (F3), Moreover, IMS extract was contained of high concentration of Gallic acid while Quercetin were identified the fractions (F4, F5 and F6) of IMS extract. Other phenolic compounds were presented as low concentrations in other extracts.